发布于 由ayo

全面实现HttpRunner并局部优化（一）

为了充分了解HttpRunner的设计思想,决定通过实现其功能,加深印象。HttpRunner中文文档:https://cn.httprunner.org/。本文仅记录实现步骤与思想，细节还需要自己去研究哟~

其核心特性在官网显示如下：

  • 继承 Requests 的全部特性，轻松实现 HTTP(S) 的各种测试需求
  • 采用 YAML/JSON 的形式描述测试场景，保障测试用例描述的统一性和可维护性
  • 借助辅助函数（debugtalk.py），在测试脚本中轻松实现复杂的动态计算逻辑
  • 支持完善的测试用例分层机制，充分实现测试用例的复用
  • 测试前后支持完善的 hook 机制
  • 响应结果支持丰富的校验机制
  • 基于 HAR 实现接口录制和用例生成功能（har2case）
  • 结合 Locust 框架，无需额外的工作即可实现分布式性能测试
  • 执行方式采用 CLI 调用，可与 Jenkins 等持续集成工具完美结合
  • 测试结果统计报告简洁清晰，附带详尽统计信息和日志记录
  • 极强的可扩展性，轻松实现二次开发和 Web 平台化

这次学习笔记完成的有（部分开发需完善）：

  • 继承 Requests 的全部特性，轻松实现 HTTP(S) 的各种测试需求
  • 采用 YAML/JSON 的形式描述测试场景，保障测试用例描述的统一性和可维护性
  • 借助辅助函数（ayo.py），在测试脚本中轻松实现复杂的动态计算逻辑
  • 测试前后支持完善的 hook 机制
  • 响应结果支持丰富的校验机制
  • 测试结果统计报告简洁清晰，附带详尽统计信息和日志记录
  • 多线程执行，解决多线程中依赖数据可能重复，混乱的问题。（优化）
  • 改写HTMLTestReportCN,更改部分样式，加入丰富的图表，request log，filter。（优化）
  • testcase层面的设置参数化执行次数（待完善）

技术栈：

基于python 大致需要了解 unittest，requests ,http ，闭包，装饰器，继承复写，元类。

与HttpRunner思想差异：

采用无参数化下一个yaml为一个测试类，有参数化下一个yaml为多个测试类，且一个testcase为一个testsuite的思想，弱化了testsuite的概念。关于复用上将采用引用testcase 组成另一个testcase的方式，增大复用性。

核心yaml驱动代码如下:

Yaml Runner

 

目前yaml用例格式：

- config:
    name: TestClass_API
    description: Flask接口依赖测试
    variables:
    base_url:
    hooks:
      setup_hooks:
        - ${hook_test()}
      teardown_hooks:
        - ${hook_teardown_cls()}

- teststep:
    name: DepenceOne
    description: 测试接口A1==>获取变量One
    request:
        headers:
            User-Agent: ${ua_random()}
        contentType:
        data:
        extract:
            - One
        method: get
        url: http://localhost:9998/DepenceOne
    check:
      assertEqual:
        status: 200
      assertIn:
        content:
          - One
    setup_hooks:
      - ${hook_test()}
    teardown_hooks:
      - ${hook_teardown_cls()}
   
- teststep:
    name: DepenceTwo
    description: 测试接口A2==>获取变量Two
    request:
        url: http://localhost:9998/DepenceTwo
        headers:
            Content-Type: application/json
            User-Agent: ${ua_random()}
        contentType: json
        data:
           One: $One
           test: ${test($One)}
           test2: 123
        method: post
        extract:
            - Two
    check:
      assertEqual:
        status: 300
      assertIn:
        content:
          - Two
    setup_hooks:
      - ${hook_test()}
    teardown_hooks:
      - ${hook_teardown_cls()}

- teststep:
    name: DepenceThr
    description: 测试接口A3==>获取变量Thr
    request:
        headers:
            User-Agent: ${ua_random()}
        contentType:
        data:
        method: get
        extract:
            - Thr
        url: http://localhost:9998/DepenceThr
    check:
      assertEqual:
        status: 200
      assertIn:
        content:
          - Thr
    cycles: 5

如何将yaml用例转化成测试/类方法：

Python 40行代码实现HttpRunner(动态创建类,动态添加方法,模板解析）详细请移步此处，核心方式type创建类，setattr创建成员方法。

生成测试类代码：用type元类创建继承unittest的测试类

   @classmethod
    def create_class(cls,testcase:str)->object:
        '''

        :param testcase: 单个yaml内的数据
        :return: yaml反射后的测试类
        '''
        try:
            class_name = eval(testcase)[0]['config']['name'] if isinstance(testcase, str) else testcase[0]['config']['name']
            globals()[class_name] = type(class_name, (unittest.TestCase,), dict())
            cls.classnames.append(class_name)
            eval(class_name).__doc__ = eval(testcase)[0]['config']['description'] if isinstance(testcase, str) else \
                eval(testcase)[0]['config']['description']  # 设置备注信息
            log.info(f'创建测试类成功==>{class_name}')

            if eval(testcase)[0]['config'].get('hooks'):
                 hook_dict = eval(testcase)[0]['config'].get('hooks')
                 for hook_type,func_list in hook_dict.items():
                    setattr(eval(class_name),hook_type,cls.cls_hooks(hook_type,func_list))

            return eval(class_name)

        except Exception:
            raise

关于类层面的hook：cls_hooks方法通过setattr创建测试类的而成员方法,实从而现添加类层面的fixture

   @classmethod
    def cls_hooks(cls,hook_type:str,func_list:list):

        @classmethod
        def setUpClass(cls):
            [prepare_variables(func) for func in func_list]

        @classmethod
        def tearDownClass(cls):
            [prepare_variables(func) for func in func_list]

        if hook_type=='setUpClass':
            log.success(f'{hook_type} 测试类,成功添加 {hook_type}成功:{func_list}')
            return setUpClass
        else:
            log.success(f'{hook_type} 测试类,成功添加 {hook_type}成功:{func_list}')
            return tearDownClass

 

关于方法层面的hook：判断参数中是否含有hooks只需在请求前/后 执行即可,例如前置条件

if hooks:
   if hooks.get('setup_hooks'):
      [prepare_variables(func,Variable,fixture=True) for func in hooks.get('setup_hooks')]

 

prepare_variables方法实现HttpRunner中的动态计算逻辑:包括数据替换方法执行，方法通过eval 来执行，且所有引用执行的方法必须要在tools.ayo中定义

import re
from tools.ayo import *

def prepare_variables(data,dependon_cls:object=None,fixture=False)->dict:
    '''

    :param data: 待清洗的数据/方法
    :return: 清洗后的数据dict/None
    '''
    re_func = r"\$\{(\w+)\(([\$\w\.\-/\s=,]*)\)\}"

    if not data:
        return
    if not fixture:
        if not (isinstance(data,dict)):
            data = eval(data)
        for key,value in data.items():
            value = str(value)
            if value.startswith('${'):
                func =re.match(re_func, value).group(1) # func
                func_data = re.match(re_func, value).group(2) # a=$d,$s
                variable_list = re.compile(r"(\$\w+)").findall(str(func_data)) # {'a':'${func(a=$d,$s)}',"b":"$d"} =>['$d', '$s']
                for variable in  variable_list:
                    func_data = func_data.replace(variable, str(getattr(dependon_cls,variable[1:])))
                    log.info(f'替换数据成功:>{variable}==>{str(getattr(dependon_cls,variable[1:]))}')
                data[key]= eval(f'{func}({func_data})')

            elif value.startswith('$') and '{' not in value:
                variable_list = re.compile(r"(\$\w+)").findall(str(value))  # {'a':'${func(a=$d,$s)}',"b":"$d"} =>['$d', '$s']
                for variable in variable_list:
                    data[key]= value.replace(variable, str(getattr(dependon_cls,variable[1:])))
                    log.info(f'替换数据成功:>{variable}==>{str(getattr(dependon_cls, variable[1:]))}')

        return data

    else:
        value = str(data)
        func = re.match(re_func, value).group(1)
        func_data = re.match(re_func, value).group(2)
        variable_list = re.compile(r"(\$\w+)").findall(str(func_data))  # {'a':'${func(a=$d,$s)}',"b":"$d"} =>['$d', '$s']
        if len(variable_list)>0:
            for variable in variable_list:
                func_data = func_data.replace(variable, str(getattr(dependon_cls, variable[1:])))
                eval(f'{func}({func_data})')
                log.info(f'fixture执行成功:>{variable}==>{str(getattr(dependon_cls, variable[1:]))}')
        else:
            eval(f'{func}()')
            log.info(f'fixture执行成功:>{func}')

生成测试方法代码： 还是利用python动态语言特性，setattr动态添加测试方法。

   @classmethod
    def create_def(cls,teststep:list,class_name:object,index,dependon_dict={})->None:
        '''
        :param testcase: 单个yaml内的数据
        :param class_name:  yaml反射的测试类
        :return:
        '''
        dependon_dict[str(index)] = f'test_{index}_func_{teststep["teststep"]["name"]}'
        if index > 0:  # 依赖case_name
            setattr(class_name,
                    f'test_{index}_func_{str(teststep["teststep"]["name"])}',
                    cls.getTestFunc(dependon_dict[str(index - 1)],
                                    check=teststep["teststep"]['check'],
                                    hooks=teststep["teststep"]['hooks'] if teststep["teststep"].get('hooks') else None,
                                    **teststep["teststep"]['request']))
        else:
            setattr(class_name,
                    f'test_{index}_func_{str(teststep["teststep"]["name"])}',
                    cls.getTestFunc(' ',
                                    check=teststep["teststep"]['check'],
                                    hooks=teststep["teststep"]['hooks'] if teststep["teststep"].get('hooks') else None,
                                    **teststep["teststep"]['request']))

        eval(f'{class_name.__name__}.test_{index}_func_{teststep["teststep"]["name"]}').__doc__ = \
            teststep["teststep"]['description']
        log.success(
            f'测试类:{class_name.__name__} =>创建测试方法成功==>test_{index}_func_{teststep["teststep"]["name"]}')

关于失败后自动逃过用例:采用@skip_depence_case()装饰器,传入一个依赖case的name,并在错误/失败结果中比对查找，如果存在即利用unittest.skipIf方法处理,实现依赖case失败/错误之后跳过处理。

def skip_depence_case(dependon=""):
    """
    :param dependon: 依赖的用例函数名，默认为空
    :return: wraper_func
    """
    def wraper_func(test_func):

        def inner_func(self):
            if dependon == test_func.__name__:
                raise ValueError(f"{dependon}不可自身依赖")
            failures = str([fail[0] for fail in self._outcome.result.failures])
            errors = str([error[0] for error in self._outcome.result.errors])
            skipped = str([error[0] for error in self._outcome.result.skipped])
            flag = (dependon in failures) or (dependon in errors) or (dependon in skipped)
            if dependon in failures:
                test = unittest.skipIf(flag, "{} failed".format(dependon))(test_func)
            elif dependon in errors:
                test = unittest.skipIf(flag, "{} error".format(dependon))(test_func)
            elif dependon in skipped :
                test = unittest.skipIf(flag, "{} skipped".format(dependon))(test_func)
            else:
                test = test_func
            return test(self)
        return inner_func
    return wraper_func

关于生成suite的方法:通过读取cycles，确定case执行次数,并复制在此之前所有的teststep，并再次基础上，加上最后一个step循环cycles次。

   @classmethod
    def create_testsuite(cls)->list:
        '''

        :return: suitelist
        '''
        yaml_data  = load_yaml_case() # yaml数据
        flag =False  # False:没有参数化  True:参数化suite
        for testcase in yaml_data.values():  #config提取用例名
            class_name = cls.create_class(testcase)
            dependon_dict = {}

            for index,teststep in enumerate(eval(testcase)[1:]):
                dependon_dict[str(index)] = f'test_{index}_func_{teststep["teststep"]["name"]}'

                if not teststep["teststep"].get('cycles'): # 无参数化时,创建测试方法
                    cls.create_def(teststep,class_name,index)

                else: # 有参数化，创建测试方法,遍历到第一个参数化step,后面step将会被忽略
                    cycles = teststep["teststep"]['cycles']
                    testcases = [eval(testcase)[:index+1][:] for _ in range(cycles+1)]

                    for index_,testcase_ in enumerate(testcases[1:]):
                        testcase_.append(eval(testcase)[index+1])   # 在此之前全部的step
                        testcase_[0]['config']['description'] += f'_{str(index_)}'  # 重新定义_doc_
                        testcase_[0]['config']['name'] += f'_{str(index_)}'     # 重定义class名字
                        class_name = cls.create_class(str(testcase_))

                        for index,teststep in enumerate(testcase_[1:]):
                            cls.create_def(teststep, class_name, index)

                        suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(class_name)
                        cls.suitelist.append(suite)
                        log.success(f'创建测试suite成功==>{suite}')
                        setattr(cls, 'threads', f'{len(cls.suitelist)}')  # 线程数

                    flag =True #停止到参数化那一步

            if not flag:
                suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(class_name)
                cls.suitelist.append(suite)
                log.success(f'创建测试suite成功==>{suite}')
                setattr(cls, 'threads', f'{len(cls.suitelist)}') #线程数
            else:break

        return cls.suitelist

 

关于多线程执行：改写HTMLTestReportCN run方法，从而实现多线程。

Python unittest并发执行依赖用例（修改少量源码）请移至此，再此基础上,修改部分代码，实现suite层面的keep session,以及多线程中重复依赖数据的覆盖/混淆。核心通过预先设置线程的name实现,(不要通过线程id…细细品味不多说）

try:
    Session = type('Session', (), dict())  # 创建Session类
    log.success('创建Session类成功==>"Session"')
except Exception as e:
    log.error(f'创建Session类失败==>{e}')

try:
    Variables = type('Variables', (), dict())  # 创建依赖类
    log.success('创建依赖类成功==>"Depence"')
except Exception as e:
    log.error(f'创建依赖类失败==>{e}')

不同线程向Session类，依赖类添加Session对象以及依赖类：

    def run(self, suitelist: list):
        "Run the given test case or test suite."
        result = _TestResult(self.verbosity)
        threadings = []
        a = 100000
        try:
            for suite in suitelist:
                t = threading.Thread(target=suite, args=(result,))
                t.setName(str(a))
                threadings.append(t)
                setattr(Session, str(a), requests.session())
                log.success(f'创建suite Session成功!==>:{getattr(Session, str(a))}')
                setattr(Variables, str(a), type(f'Variables{a}', (), dict()))
                log.success(f'创建suite 依赖类成功==>Variables{a}')
                a += 1
            for j in threadings:
                j.start()
                log.success(f'线程:{j._ident} 启动成功!')
            for j in threadings:
                j.join()
                log.success(f'线程:{j._ident} 执行完毕!')
            self.stopTime = datetime.datetime.now()
            self.generateReport(suitelist, result)
            return result
        except Exception as e:
            log.error(e)

 

之前在执行层面实现了skip,report层面添加 skip方法用于添加至图表，HTMLTestReportCN添加如下代码（仅部分）：

 def addSkip(self, test, reason):
        self.skipped_count += 1
        TestResult.addSkip(self, test, reason)
        output = self.complete_output()
        self.result.append((3, test, '', reason,0))
        if self.verbosity > 1:
            sys.stderr.write('skip ')
            sys.stderr.write(str(test))
            sys.stderr.write('\n')
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('s')

关于html中的图表采用echarts，点击官网地址了解~

最后效果:

report
report log popup

 

 

 

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