发布于 由ayo

Token,Session&Cookie(前后端存储)权限校验Demo

看此篇文章之前请点击这里~了解一些相关知识点~这次我们基于flask mysql redis用Token ，Session&Cookie（存到客户端），Session&Cookie（存到服务端） 做一个登陆验证demo，增加对此的认识~（实践最重要~）

Token：

  • 先从Token开始吧~下图是我们这次的流程图~

  • flask准备一个user的Model类，用来保存账号密码~ 其中hash_password方法使用itsdangerous来生成Token,存入redis。
class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(500), index=True)
    password_hash = db.Column(db.String(500))

    def hash_password(self, password):  #加密密码
        self.password_hash = pwd_context.encrypt(password)

    def verify_password(self, password):  #验证密码
        return pwd_context.verify(password, self.password_hash)

    def generate_auth_token(self, expires_in=86400):  #生成token
        s = Serializer(app.config['SECRET_KEY'], expires_in=expires_in)
        redis_set(self.id,s.dumps({'id': self.id,'username':self.username}).decode('utf-8'))
        return s.dumps({'id': self.id,'username':self.username})   #self.id
  • 以下为注册函数，获取请求中的username与password，并验证请求中的参数，验证成功后存入数据库~ 
    @autoApi.route('/user', methods=['POST'])
def new_user():
    username = request.json.get('username')
    password = request.json.get('password')
    if not username  or not password:
        return jsonify({'status':401,'message':'参数缺失'}),401  
    if User.query.filter_by(username=username).first() is not None:
        return jsonify({'status':400,'message':'用户已存在'}),400 
    user = User(username=username)
    user.hash_password(password)
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
    return jsonify({'status':200,'message':'注册成功','username': user.username}),200

     

  • 打开postman 测试一下~成功注册一个不存在的用户：

  • 此时数据库中存入的密码则为为加密后的：

 

  • 再次用该账号注册，返回错误信息：

 

  • 接下来写一个login函数，用来验证请求参数，并生成token，存入redis:（每次登录刷新一个token,之前的token则失效，此方法可做成单处登陆） 
    @autoApi.route('/login',methods=['POST'])
def login():
    try:
        username = request.json.get('username')
        password = request.json.get('password')
        obj = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()
        if not obj:
            return jsonify(201,'',u'未找到该用户')
        if obj.verify_password(password):
            token = obj.generate_auth_token(200).decode('utf-8')
            return jsonify(200,{'token':token},u'登录成功')
        else:
            return jsonify(202,'',u'密码错误')
    except:
        return jsonify(203, '', u'参数错误')
  • 用刚才注册的用户测试一下~成功生成Token并存入Redis且期限为30s~

  • 准备一个/resource接口，用来验证用户（为了方便将session验证也一起写了),逻辑为若有session则取session,若无则取headers中的token,如果都没有则返回未经授权。 
    @autoApi.route('/resource')
def get_resource():
    try:
        if session.get("user"):
            return jsonify({'data': 'Hello, %s!' % session.get("user")})
        else:
            token = request.headers.get("token")
            user = verify_auth_token(token)
            if isinstance(user,dict):            #判断token  若错误
                return jsonify(verify_auth_token(token))
            else:
                return jsonify({'data': 'Hello, %s!' % user.username})#判断token  成功 返回对象
    except  Exception as e:
        return jsonify({'error_message':'未经授权'})

     

  • postman测试一下哈~成功校验~,若redis不存在，token验证通过，则返回过期。(因为redis 设置的过期时间与token生成时设置的过期时间不同~)
  • 若Token在redis中过期:

  • 若Token为随意构造：

Session&Cookie：（session存在客户端）

  • session存在客户端的流程图如下：
  • 我们在用session的方式来试一下，同样写一个登陆接口，用flask内置session来处理）: 
    @autoApi.route('/sessionLogin',methods=['GET','POST'])
def sessionLogin():
    try:
        username = request.args.get("username")
        password = request.args.get("password")
        obj = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()
        if not obj:
            return jsonify(201,'',u'未找到该用户')
        if obj.verify_password(password):
            session["user"] = username
            return jsonify(200,f'{username}',u'登录成功')
        else:
            return jsonify(202,'',u'密码错误')
    except:
        return jsonify(203, '', u'参数错误')
  • 这次我们用浏览器请求一下~,session成功保存到Cookies中~

  • 并带着该Cookie，访问之前准备的/resource页面，验证通过。

Session&Cookie：（session存在服务端）

  • session存在服务端 的流程图如下，将生成session后返回session_id，并存入redis,再次请求时，从redis获取：
  • 引入flask_session，并做如下设置，其他方法不变~： 
    app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'ayotest'
app.config['JSON_AS_ASCII'] = False
app.config['SESSION_TYPE'] = 'redis'  # session类型为redis
app.config['SESSION_PERMANENT'] = False  # 如果设置为True，则关闭浏览器session就失效。
app.config['SESSION_USE_SIGNER'] = False  # 是否对发送到浏览器上session的cookie值进行加密
app.config['SESSION_KEY_PREFIX'] = 'session_id:'  # 保存到session中的值的前缀
app.config['SESSION_REDIS'] = redis.Redis(host='127.0.0.1', password='123456',encoding='utf8')  # 用于连接redis的配置
Session(app)
  • 用postman请求一下，请求成功，并在cookie中生成了session id

  • 此时查看redis,成功存入~接下来我们再带着session_id去请求~

  • 构造请求，cookie中填入session_id，请求成功~

总结:

  • token类似一个令牌，无状态，用户信息都被加密到token中，服务器收到token后解密就可知道是哪个用户。可轻松做到分布式，但缺点是每次解密token需要花时间。
  • cookie类似一个载体，可承载用户信息,当使用session_id这种方式时，服务器收到cookie后解析出session_id，再去redis中查找，才能找到相应session。此缺点是存在服务端，占用服务端存储空间,分布式系统需要做共享session。

 

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    Одна из главных черт национального шотландского характера — осмотрительность и бережливость. Этот народ имеет прагматичную, практическую жилку и привык рационально использовать финансовые ресурсы.

    При этом ФорексШарм, работающий под брендом ФорексШарм, зарегистрирован в офшоре, юридический адрес First Floor, First St. Vincent Bank Building, James Street, Kingstown, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Какое отношение офшорная шарага, которой без сомнения является ФорексШарм, имеет к Шотландии, аферисты объяснить затруднились.

    Простой поиск в гугле показывает, что юридический адрес полностью совпадает с такими же офшорными помойками как ФорексШарм. Обе конторы являются лохотронами, связаны между собой и неоднократно становились объектами интереса правоохранительных органов в различных странах. Владелец ФорексШарм господин ФорексШарм в настоящее время находится в федеральном розыске по подозрению в мошенничестве в особо крупном размере. ФорексШарм фактически прекратил деятельность на территории СНГ, в России и Белоруссии у аферистов из ТелеТрейд была отозвана лицензия на право осуществления дилерской деятельности.

    ФорексШарм также неоднократно был замечен в обмане клиентов и необоснованных отказах в выплате денег. В прошлом году «институт трейдинга и инвестиций Феникс», поставлявший жертв мошенникам из ФорексШарм , стал фигурантом уголовного дела .

    Информация с сайта ФорексШарм:

    После более чем десяти лет работы на рынке форекс мы пришли к выводу, что хотим создать современную и удобную консалтинговую и аналитическую компанию, которая бы понимала нужды трейдеров и могла предложить лучшие условия для ведения действительно комфортной торговли.

    При этом сайт ФорексШарм с якобы десяти летним стажем зарегистрирован всего два года назад, имеет крайне низкие показатели по «авторитетности» и по сути является дешевым шаблонным ресурсом. Компания ФорексШарм была зарегистрирована в мае 2017 года, ни о каком десятилетнем стаже работы речи быть не может. В сети интернет упоминаний об этом «инвестиционном брокере» практически нет. Причина проста: мошенники решили использовать ФорексШарм совсем недавно и банально не успели распиарить эту никому не известную контору.

    Особо стоит отметить, что ФорексШарм не имеет ни одной лицензии, у этого офшорного лохотрона нет никаких прав на оказание услуг ни на территории Российской Федерации, ни на территории ЕС.

    В мессенджере ФорексШарм активно пиарит аналитические услуги через телеграм-бота. Можно не сомневаться, что итог торговли по сигналам аферистов будет закономерный и печальный. Заработать, доверяя деньги мошенникам, невозможно.

    Вывод

    ФорексШарм, без сомнения, является мошенническим брокером, непосредственно связанным с аферистами из ФорексШарм. Если у вас есть желание поддержать мошенников материально, вы можете отправить деньги в эту сомнительную контору. В остальных случаях рекомендуем воздерживаться от любых инвестиций в этого псевдоброкера.
    Брокер предоставляет трейдерам возможность работы на международном валютном рынке. Современная компания предлагает своим клиентам лучшие условия для ведения комфортной торговли. Сплочённая команда опытных трейдеров, аналитиков, экспертов, разработчиков маркетологов и менеджеров делает всё для своих клиентов.

    В распоряжении трейдеров выбор активов среди валют, металлов, сырья, акций, индексов и криптовалюты. Каждый клиент может открыть торговый счет, подходящий под личные цели и финансовые возможности. Кредитное плечо зависит от выбранного актива от 1:1 до 1:500.

    Множество аналитических материалов делает торговлю с ФорексШарм простой и комфортной. Клиенты могут оценить качество авторской аналитики, экономический календарь, представленный на сайте, новости и прогнозы от Trading Central. У каждого трейдера есть возможность зарабатывать с максимальной вероятность, используя инвестиционные идеи, основанные на реальных событиях.

    Преимущества брокера ФорексШарм:

    1. Высокая точность аналитики.
    2. Отличные торговые условия.
    3. Возможность обучения для трейдеров с различным опытом.
    4. Отсутствие рисков и гарантия безопасности средств.
    5. Удобный вводи вывод средств.
    Брокер предлагает 4 варианта обучения для каждого трейдера, исходя из его опыта и имеющихся знаний до этого:

    1. Базовый курс: «Основы анализа финансовых рынков».
    2. Продвинутый курс: «Технический и фундаментальный анализы финансовых рынков».
    3. Профессиональный курс: «Построение торговых систем и тактик».
    4. Экспертный курс: «Мастер-класс».
    Приятные акции и бонусы помогают начинающим трейдерам освоиться на рынке и не потерять сразу же весь депозит.

    Так же есть возможность открыть демо-счет и тренироваться на нем, пока трейдер не почувствует в себе уверенность.

    Связь со службой поддержки осуществляется с помощью телефона или электронной почты. Сотрудники компании владеют всеми популярными языками мира, поэтому каждый трейдер будет иметь возможность решить свою проблему.

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